Notes Towards A Translation of Parmenides

Fragment 1

The mares that are able to take me
as far as I want to travel
had so taken me
once they’d set me down on the Daimon’s Way—
for it is She that takes the Knower through each town. 
Onto such a route had they placed me
and the knowing horses carried me along it, straining at the reins.
And the daughters of the sun went before us, leading the way.

The axle of the chariot
urged round by eddying wheels attached at the ends 
                                                                     put it in motion
and the axle whistled and shimmered as it turned in the nave
while the daughters of the sun sent us into the light 
                                          having come out of Night’s abodes
and pushed back the veils from their faces with their hands.

Up there are the gates of the tracks of day and night 
fitted above with a lintel
and below with a threshold of stone
and the openings themselves, high up in the air, 
                                      are closed by mighty doors.

Dike—The Equalizer—holds the keys to them. 
And the sun’s cunning daughters
                      used mild speech to persuade her
to open the gates.

The gates, when opened, opened on a vast expanse 
and the daughters of the sun
drove the chariot and mares out on to it 
and the gates were fixed on singing axle hinges.

And taking me by the right hand she spoke to me thus:

“Oh Youth, linked with your mares to immortal charioteers 
who have lead you here to my home—Welcome. 
Since it is by no means an inappropriate destiny
that has sent you forth to travel this path 
            far from the wanderings of mortals
                but a Right and Just one, 
it is necessary for you to learn all things—
both the stable heart of well-rounded truth 
as well as the notions of mortals—
    (and in these there is nothing at all to put your faith in)
nonetheless you shall study such matters also—
how the things that seem
(and these pervade everything)
must seem to be.


Fragment 2

But come, and I will instruct you.
And you must take back home with you what I say— 
whether in fact there are only these two ways for thought to travel:

Either:
               “—is”
(and also)    “That—is not”
                                        is not

(and this is the path of which one
                          ought to be persuaded
             for it leads to truth)


Or:
           “—is not”
                               (and also)
“That—is”
cannot be

(and I say that this is an unconvincing road:
it doesn’t turn.)

You cannot know what in fact has no being—
                                                      this is impossible
and you cannot speak if it.



Fragment 3

For “to know” and “to be” is “the same.”


Fragment 4

Consider things, which, though being far away 
      are nonetheless certainly present to the mind.
For you shall not cut off being from its continuity
with itself.
It will neither be dispersed from, nor contracted within 
                                                its kosmos.


Fragment 5

It is all the same to me where I begin
for there shall I return.


Fragment 6

It is necessary to know and to say that Being is 
for the other way—the thought that—is not—cannot be.
It is.     And “cannot be”     is not.

Think about this.



And now I must dissuade you
not only from taking that one of these two courses
but also from another
upon which mortals wander double-minded
not knowing anything
for only ineptitude straightens
the errant thought in their minds.
They are carried along
                                  blind and obtuse—
                                                  these utterly astonished ones
                                                  this indiscriminate horde—
by whom the “to be” as well as the “not to be”
are thought of as the same
and
        at the same time
                                   not the same
and that the track     down which everything passes
                                                          is backward turning.

Fragment 7

For you are never going to put this thought to rest:
that things that are not     are.
So urge your thoughts off this duplicit pathway
and don’t let well-worn habit force you down it—

don’t let your eye wander    
                             don’t let your tongue wag
                                     don’t allow your ear to echo aimlessly;
Rather, judge by thought
the much disputed proof which I have spoken.


Fragment 8

There is only one path left
and that is
that     “—is.”

And on it there are many indications
that Being is unengendered
that it cannot be broken apart
(for it is whole, without parts)
that Being does not fluctuate,
that it has no end.

It never was, It never will be. It is all NOW—
one continuum.

For what kind of engendering can be sought for it? 
How and from what source might it have grown?

And do not say and do not think
that it came out of not-being
for it cannot be said and it cannot be thought
	that “—is”	is not.

And what need could have driven it to grow 
                     starting from nothing
at some time earlier
rather than at some
later time?
…

[[What debt incurred, stirred it to grow
then, rather than at some other time 
if it first came into being out of nothing?]]
…

Therefore:	either “—is”
or else “—is not”
and in either case
completely so.

Nor shall strength of trust
incite anything      to come into being 
             out of      not-being
severed from “—is” itself.


On account of this, therefore, Dike neither loosens her grip
so that Being might come into being
nor does she loosen it that Being might perish 
                                     but she holds fast.

And the crisis in these matters lies in this:
either “—is” or “—is not.”

Now surely it has been decided
according to what is necessary
to abandon the nameless and unthinkable alternative 
       for a true way    that   is not

and that the other way: that “—is”
is real and genuine.

How could what is

afterward pass out of being?

How might it come to be?

For if it came into being,      then it is    not.

And it is not also
if it only is going to be.

So the alternative “coming into being” is extinguished 
and of “going out of being”
nothing can be discerned.


[[Thus growth is extinguished
and destruction
                                        stopped.]]

…

Nor can Being be segmented
since it is altogether, of a single piece.

Nor does it exceed itself       or fail to reach itself
thereby disrupting the continuity of itself.

But Being is everywhere replete, everywhere continuous 
and all of it is connected
close
to all of itself.

But without motion
locked within the limit of mighty bonds
	anarchic	without beginning
and not to be brought to an end
(since both “coming into being” and “passing out of being”
have been banished far away by true belief)

the same in the same      remaining with itself 
                                             it lies where it is

for strong	 necessity has locked it in limiting bonds 
               and imprisons it all about.

Nor is it lawful for Being to remain uncompleted:
Being lacks nothing.
For if it lacked one thing it would lack it all.

Because of this, therefore, to think and the thing thought 
                      are the same thing (namely Being)
for you will not find thought without the being about which 
                             that thought is uttered.

And nothing is or ever will be outside of what is 
since Fate has fastened Being to remain
a motionless whole.

And all the other designations
which mortals have laid down
having trusted them to be true
are only names

namely: “coming into being” and “going out of being”
	and the mixture of the two    not-being and Being
together
alteration of brightness and color
and change of place.


However, since there is an uttermost limit, 
“It Is” is fully established on every side 
resembling in dignity and mass a well-rounded sphere 
equally distributed, balanced in every direction 
for it must not come out somewhat greater in one place
somewhat smaller or more humble in the next
as neither does not-being exist
to prevent it from accosting its like
nor can Being be either more or less than Being is 
                       in one place as over against another place
since all of it is inviolable, equidistant from everywhere
and all of it alike within its bounds.

At this point I stop	such thought and speech
                              as you ought to put your trust in
concerning truth. From here on, learn the beliefs of mortals 
listening to the deceitful ordering of my words.

For they set up two forms in their minds for the business of naming
whereas even one form is incorrect. In doing so they have strayed into errancy.
They discriminate bodily antitheses and set up signs 
apart from one another: on this side the bright tongue of flame
being gentle and most light, in all ways the same with itself
and in no way the same with another; and on the other side 
                                                          in opposition
thick night. Solid. Massive. Bodily:

I speak to you here of what is    merely a plausible cosmos 
so that no thought of a mortal
may ever get the best of you.


Fragment 9

But since all things have been dubbed “Light” and “Night” 
and according to their powers this pair has been
attributed to various entities,
all is full at once of light and nocturnal obscurity—
full that is of both—since nothingness
                                           nothing
  has a share in.

Fragment 10

You shall know of the aetherial nature
and of all the signs in the aether—
and of the inapparent acts of the pure torch of the spotless sun
and from what it came into being.
You shall learn of the wanderings
of the round-eyed moon and its nature. 
You’ll know from whence the encircling heavens grew
and also how Anangke, guiding it, bound it 
             to hold the limits of the stars.


Fragment 11

How Gaia and Helios and Selene, Aether and the Galaxy, 
outermost Olympos and the hot strength of the stars
rushed into being


Fragment 12

For the narrow rings are filled with unmixed fire 
and the next ones are full of the night
and a tongue of flame shoots out.

In the middle of this is the Daimonness 
                                      who steers all things
and she commands the commingling
and the hateful births of everything
sending the female to mix with the male
and then contrariwise, the male with the female.

Fragment 13

She devised
Eros—absolutely the first of all the gods


Fragment 14

Night-shiner— about the earth
                                        wandering
—an alien light

Fragment 15

always straining after     the rays of the sun


Fragment 15a

water-rooter


Fragment 16

According to the disposition of bodily parts—the limbs that wander everywhere
is the mind      present in persons.
For the nature of the limbs which thinks in persons 
                                  is the same in all and each.
And the full        is thought.


Fragment 17

On the right sides—males

on the left sides—females

(sides. that is, of the womb



Fragment 18

(Latin fragment)


Fragment 19

Thus according to opinion, these things gestated and now exist
and hereafter they shall grow and later perish.

And for each of them humans have established a distinct name.